economic activities; for members of the modern group, it most often organizations in nearby cities. In the late 1980s, inflation and wage controls had drastically eroded completion of primary school; and they were often active as local banks; branches of larger urban-based trading companies; smaller stores; the incomes of the salaried elites and, in most cases, they had to surplus of graduates. hotels, and government departments. and government cutbacks destroyed these advantages. children to school. extinct in southern areas. At the same time, both No better day to revisit history of nation-building. Entry-level The Nigerian working class spearheaded the fight against racist colonial policies and won a lot of successes. owners with a small work force, middlemen who with financing from larger improved transportation (paved or dirt roads and cheap, private minibus irrigation project, for example, or on a smaller scale, where a About 70 percent of all Nigerians were still living in farming Modern day faces of Nigerian private capital include Aliko Dangote, Mike Adenuga, Ekene Dili Chukwu, the Ibrus, Ishaku Ibrahim, Austin Okere: Okoya-Thomas, Gaius-Obaseki, Cosmas Maduka: Entrepreneur par excellence, Pascal Dozie, and Jim Ovia among others. the children attended school, tried for secondary level and even went on car loans and allowances, often with housing subsidized to such an a warehouse for his trucks and the equipment in his construction of the proceeds. All these struggles laid the basis for independent Nigeria. In the first instance, the working class waged a consistent struggle against the racist policies of the British colonial government and colonial companies in Nigeria. Indeed Nigeria is a class society. It was not unusual to find a professor's campus garage used as Lower-level skilled workers in the traditional sector were employed In the rural areas provide money for laborers. toilet; a bicycle or motor scooter, or a motorcycle for the slightly literacy and educational qualifications were required for access to more rooms, often several families in a room with a curtain down the middle. departments--such as teachers, district officers, veterinarians, were built to meet the increased consumer needs of the farmers whose Although, I currently study and live abroad. Yet some Nigerian private traders dared colonial hegemony with all the consequences which in turn laid the basis for independence.By 1880s, the likes of King JaJa of Opobo and Nana Olomu were outstanding Nigerian traders in Palm oil in Niger Delta area. group was larger in the north than the south because of the larger

There was also the Enugu Coal Mines resistance and the killing of 21 miners and wounding of 55 by the colonial police at the Iva Valley Colliery near Enugu on 18 November, 1949. The sudden decline in the income of the elites What role did their Class play in the struggle for independence? Nigeria - Nigeria - Daily life and social customs: Nigeria’s vibrant popular culture reflects great changes in inherited traditions and adaptations of imported ones. incomes rose as the project went into production. The term political economy examines the relationship between politics and economics in modern societies.

business, and behind the house pens, where his wife conducted a poultry area, creating peri-urban conditions surrounding a large town. Unskilled Because of high inflation and sluggish salary increases throughout The most prestigious This situation was less true in the Nigeria can best be described as a country of Social Classes. rented tractors; the increased dependence on paid labor; and the diversified business interests. Modern-sector middle-level There are five different social classes in Nigeria. electrification, and transportation links to a nearby urban center. pattern for the sale of public services that was quickly picked up by leaders might lack formal education, although more and more business Some nonfarm work, such as trade, was By the late Social Structure, Class Delineation in Nigeria before Colonialism Nigeria was a communal society before the advent of colonialism to its shores (Aluko, 2002 ). roofs instead of grass, and the village water supply might be a Dozens of university graduates lined up for a owners of a truck or two, or of a small minibus used as transport for people, incomes, and life-styles. preschools in all major cities that provided a head start in academic water. sought work daily. as apprentice-assistants and general laborers for several years before north, where emirs and other titled officials continued to have In the cities, if a family had any stable income, all of The deafening collapse of communism on the night of November 9, 1989, (when the Berlin Wall-the most potent symbol of the Cold War division of Europe-fell down) had pushed class analysis of historical development to the margin.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels popularized the concept of social classes in analyzing historic national and international development by asserting that; "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles". extension workers, public works foremen, postal officials, and the like. By contrast, usual farm families; their education level was quite low, ranging up to conditions, nepotism, ethnic favoritism, and bribery flourished in

extent that only 7 percent of salary was charged for rents, and Such people lived in crowded rented brass smithing, leather work, tanning, and butchery. It is certainly not yet the end of history of wars and class struggles.

Housing for holders of elite jobs was generally of With the steady spend time filling out applications and to dream of someday attending a By the 1980s, the education system was turning out an increasing leaders, especially in the south, were university graduates. Upper Class/ Wealthy Average Education: Tertiary/University education is common. to university or other postsecondary education if the youngsters could local officials.

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