The details of their skirmish with a group of white men and two women on the train are still unclear. Wright claimed he had merely bought a present for the girl and detectives hired by the NAACP confirmed his story. With prominent defense attorney Samuel Leibowitz arguing the case for the ILD, the Alabama Supreme Court unanimously denied the defense’s motion for new trials, and the case headed for a second hearing in front of the U.S. Supreme Court.In January 1935, the Supreme Court again overturned the guilty verdicts, ruling in This second landmark decision in the Scottsboro Boys case would help integrate future juries across the nation.

The plaintiffs in the case were Richard and Mildred Loving, a white man and black woman whose marriage was deemed illegal according to Virginia state law. The next year, his death sentence was commuted to life in prison by Alabama Governor Bibb Graves. After breaking with their manager, Roy and Olen Montgomery went on a two and a half month tour organized by the Scottsboro Defense Committee, speaking in more than 40 cities to raise money and awareness for his brother Andy and the others still in jail.After the tour, Roy found a sponsor in Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, the well-known African American entertainer, who offered to pay for Roy's education at a vocational school. "In a compromise in 1937, four of the defendants, including Montgomery, had the rape charges dropped against them. He was still in jail without another trial in 1937 when the defendants received two visitors, a After his release and a brief entertainment career, Williams moved to St. Louis where he had relatives who helped him adjust to a relatively stable life.On March 25, 1931, Andy Wright left his native Chattanooga on a Southern Railroad freight train headed for Alabama, accompanied by his younger brother Roy and two friends, Haywood Patterson and Eugene Williams. His "Lonesome Jailhouse Blues" was published in the Labor Defender and began: "All last night I walked my cell and cried, Cause this old jailhouse done get so lonesome I can't be satisfied. He could not read or write and had difficulty speaking, and was the butt of many courtroom spectators' jokes.Roberson had boarded the Southern Railroad headed to Memphis in search of free medical care for his syphilis and gonorrhea. He suffered permanent brain damage from the shooting.In January 1937 Dr. G. C. Branche examined the Scottsboro defendants and reported that Powell (like Roberson) had an IQ of about 64 and a mental age of nine. However, being the most literate of the group, he wrote letters for the others. I was arrested in Alabama in 1931 and sentenced to the electric chair three times. That June, the court granted the boys a stay of execution pending an appeal to the Alabama The ILD spearheaded a national campaign to help free the nine young men, including rallies, speeches, parades and demonstrations. "Everywhere I go, it seems like Scottsboro is throwed up in my face.

At Haywood Patterson's first trial, Powell testified that he had followed a group of black boys who were going to throw the white boys off the train, but most of their opposition had jumped off the train by the time he got to the right car. He wrote a letter to the Scottsboro Defense Committee expressing concern that he and four of the other defendants had had their freedom traded for the four released that year.
Her landlady discovered them and accused him of rape, a charge that was dropped two days later.After that, Montgomery spent his days in New York or Atlanta, usually drinking and occasionally receiving financial help from the NAACP.Clarence Norris was the son of a former slave.
The NAACP began proceedings to help determine if he was still a wanted man. "He liked to read, and kept a Bible with him always (he felt that pulp magazines with stories about others' pleasure would drive him crazy while he was in jail). Leaving their manager, Montgomery and Roy Wright agreed to a national tour sponsored by the Scottsboro Defense Committee to raise money for their five incarcerated friends.By 1938 Montgomery had bought himself a guitar and a saxophone and was taking music lessons. Olen Montgomery was born in Monroe, Georgia. "After the first trial, Montgomery was jailed for six years without a retrial. In 1937, Norris was tried and convicted a third time. By the 1960s, he was living with a third wife and their children in Brooklyn, New York.


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