As it was incomplete, I had coined the word satyagraha for the Gujarati readers. This passive resistance: Satyagraha (of truth force in Sanskrit) was born and evolved in South Africa before coming to India and, eventually, the world. To those who preached violence and called nonviolent actionists cowards, he replied: "I do believe that, where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence....I would rather have India resort to arms in order to defend her honour than that she should, in a cowardly manner, become or remain a helpless witness to her own dishonour....But I believe that nonviolence is infinitely superior to violence, forgiveness is greater than punishment.
When I saw the title of Thoreau’s great essay, I began the use of his phrase to explain our struggle to the English readers. So the doctrine came to mean vindication of truth, not by infliction of suffering on the opponent, but on oneself.Gandhi distinguished between satyagraha and passive resistance in the following letter:

And for doing this I should not wait for the fellow Jews to join me in civil resistance, but would have confidence that in the end the rest were bound to follow my example. History; III. The house was designed by the architect Hermann Kallenbach for Gandhi and himself. Foreword; Translator's Note; Preface; I. Geography; II. Kallenbach's life was transformed by their life together and the money that he spent on himself was cut to a tenth of its initial figure. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 2001. Means to be means must always be within our reach, and so ahimsa is our supreme duty.Assessing the extent to which Gandhi's ideas of satyagraha were or were not successful in the Indian independence struggle is a complex task. Only the general who conducts a campaign can know the objective of each particular move. I was particularly moved by his If I were a Jew and were born in Germany and earned my livelihood there, I would claim Germany as my home even as the tallest Gentile German might, and challenge him to shoot me or cast me in the dungeon; I would refuse to be expelled or to submit to discriminating treatment. The same could be said of the other countries also, whether aggressors or defenders. Satyagraha in South Africa www.mkgandhi.org Page 2 FOREWARD We have included Gandhiji’s book entitled Satyagraha in South Africa in the Selected Works because of the great significance that ‘passive resistance’ or Satyagraha has assumed in recent years in different parts of the world. If one Jew or all the Jews were to accept the prescription here offered, he or they cannot be worse off than now. The means used to obtain an end are wrapped up in and attached to that end.
The Champaran Satyagraha gave direction to India's youth and Under Colonial-era laws, many tenant farmers were forced to grow some indigo on a portion of their land as a condition of their tenancy. 'South African History Online' is effectively an extract from George Paxton's book. Gandhi Heritage Portal is a repository of authentic information about Mahatma Gandhi developed by the Sabarmati Ashram Preservation and Memorial trust,Ahmedabad "The essence of satyagraha is that it seeks to eliminate antagonisms without harming the antagonists themselves, as opposed to violent resistance, which is meant to cause harm to the antagonist. And patience means self-suffering. The term Satyagrha was invented and employed in connection therewith. Intolerance betrays want of faith in one's cause. In case of parents failing to discharge this responsibility laid upon them, the minor on attaining the age of sixteen years was required to discharge it himself, and if he defaulted, he made himself liable to the same punishments as could be awarded to his parents. When Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915, and saw peasants in northern India oppressed by indigo planters, he tried to use the same methods that he had used in South Africa to organize mass uprisings by people to protest against injustice. Satyagraha means insistence on truth. "Civil disobedience and non-cooperation as practised under satyagraha are based on the "law of suffering",When using satyagraha in a large-scale political conflict involving civil disobedience, Gandhi believed that the satyagrahis must undergo training to ensure discipline. 'George Paxton's' biography on Sonja Schlesin, which is the by far the only significant literary work dedicated to this important but lesser known figure in Gandhi's life and the history of Satyagraha in South Africa, is the main source of this article. I hope it is not true, but some such price must be paid by any country that wants to retain its independence.


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