The new edition also covers other forms of remote sensing with topics that … Tone is related to texture and colour and is the measure of the amount of light reflected back to the camera by an object. Is the image taken directly from above or at an angle? Aerial photo interpretation has certain features typical of terrain study in general, as well as certain differences, determined by the nature of the fields (practical and scientific) in which it is used (in combination with other methods of research).

Colour IR film characteristics Blue-absorbing filter is placed in front of the film (e.g., on the lens) Colour IR film processing . Film spectral sensitivities Panchromatic film (black and white) Colour film. Photographic interpretation is “the act of examining The principles of image interpretation have been developed empirically for more than 150 years. Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object. Extensively revised to address today's technological advances, Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation, Third Edition offers a thorough survey of the technology, techniques, processes, and methods used to create and interpret aerial photographs. Example aerial photo specifications Go to page 17 Section 2-02.1. Photographic interpretation is “the act of examining photographic images for the purpose of identifying objects and judging their significance” (Colwell, 1997).

When looking at the aerial photograph below what do you see?Consider the different shapes and what they might be. In images of arable land, subtle tonal variations can highlight differences in drainage and vegetation.Objects can often be identified by looking at their surroundings. With careful interpretation, air photos are an excellent source of spatial data for studying the Earth's … A circular object could be a gas holder, a chimney, a well or a roundabout, depending on its size.The size of a feature in an aerial photograph can be obtained in two ways: recognised object - if the object is a well it would be smaller than a house, for example.By measurement - if the scale of the image is calculated, the exact size of the object can be determined.The relative brightness of objects in an image is described by the term 'tone'. A stereoscope is a binocular optical instrument which allows the viewer to look at two photographs simultaneously, so that features which are not noticeable in 2-D to appear to have relief. Colour film processing. In the identification of the circular objects referred to in 'Shape', above, a gas holder would be sited adjacent to a gasworks, a chimney would be sited within a factory and a roundabout would be situated at a road junction.In the identification of military features in the field, the main associated features are tracks, emplacements and trenches.A three-dimensional impression of the features depicted in an aerial photograph can be obtained by viewing two correctly oriented, overlapping images with a stereoscope. However, a beginner may not only have to consciously evaluate an unknown object according to these elements, but also analyze each element's significance in relation to the image's other objects and phenomena. Are there any shadows? Although the features are visible, they are not always easily identifiable. This mainly refers to its usage in military aerial reconnaissance using photographs taken from reconnaissance aircraft and satellites. The new, completely updated edition of the aerial photography classic. Air photos record all visible features on the Earth's surface from an overhead perspective. Vertical aerial photographs can be used to update existing base maps and to produce new base maps in the form of individual photographs or several photographs in assembled format known as mosaics (refer to … The process of studying and gathering the information required to identify the various cultural and natural features is called photo interpretation. aerial photographs and their interpretation Aerial photographs are an invaluable source of information for the study of the nature and characteristics of the coastal and terrestrial environment. During the process of interpretation, the aerial photo interpreters usually make use of seven tasks: is a binocular optical instrument which allows the viewer to look at two photographs simultaneously, so that features which are not noticeable in 2-D to appear to have relief. Aerial survey photographs normally have an overlap of 60% along the line of flight, to permit stereoscopic viewing. Note the difference in tone between the canals, streets and houses in this image of Amsterdam. Aerial photographic interpretation is defined as the act of examining photographic images for the purpose of identifying objects and judging their significance. A three-dimensional impression of the features depicted in an aerial photograph can be obtained by viewing two correctly oriented, overlapping images with a stereoscope.

The colour of an object has less effect on tone than is generally expected.The smoother the surface of an object, the greater is the amount of light reflected back to the camera - this is why a black asphalt road may appear lighter than a green field of grass. Is there any variation in tone? Is it a large or small scale image? The new, completely updated edition of the aerial photography classic Extensively revised to address today's technological advances, Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation, Third Edition offers a thorough survey of the technology, techniques, processes, and methods used to create and interpret aerial photographs. How are different features related to each other?These are the questions a photographic interpreter or imagery analyst would ask when studying an aerial image in order to extract useful information from it.Shadows can reveal the profile or outline of an object, and are useful for determining its shape, height and construction.Shape refers to the general form, configuration or outline of individual objects and is normally the first thing the eye sees in an aerial photograph.

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