Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Athens was worried that her allies in the Hellespont were about to revolt, and formed alliances with the various kings of Thrace. His empire ushered in significant cultural changes in the lands he conquered and changed the course of the region’s history. One of the most notable features of Philip's reign was that he was often involved in conflicts in several theatres at once. This generous offer convinced Thebes to side with Athens, and they refused Philip's demands.Rather surprisingly Philip did very little for several months. The Athenians decided to back the tyrant, and sent Phocion to support him. She was the mother of Thessalonica of Macedon, who later married Cassander, king of Macedon from 305-297 BC. Cersobleptes had renewed his attacks on King Amadocus in central Thrace, and in response Amadocus had allied with Byzantium and Perinthus. Philip used his military knowledge to strengthen the Macedonian army. During an invasion by the Greek city-state of Thebes, Philip himself was even taken hostage. He also created the army that his son Alexander used in his own far more famous conquests. 355 saw Philip expand his conquests in the east, with the capture of Apollonia and Galepsus and the occupation of Oesyme, which was turned into another Macedonian colony, Emathia. Although Philip was acting legitimately to support existing regimes, the appearance of Macedonian troops in an area so important to Athens helped inflame opinion against him. Philip II of Macedon, 382 – 336 BC, was an ancient Greek king of Macedonia from 359 BC until his assassination in 336. Demosthenes was able to take advantage of this to take command of the crucial embassy to Thebes. This marriage took place in 357 BC. The order of these first two marriages is uncertain. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Late in the year or early in 342 Philip marched into Epirus, where he deposed King Arybbas and replaced him with his brother-in-law Alexander (brother of Olympias). This put him on the western borders of Boeotia. According to Demosthenes Philip was planning a campaign on the western coast of Greece, invading Ambracia and threatening Acarnania. His army became a more professional full time organisation, capable of operating all year round and funding itself from the booty of its victories. His cousin, Antigonus Doson, administered the kingdom as regent until his death in 221 BC when Philip was seventeen years old. During an invasion by the Greek city-state of Thebes, Philip himself was even taken hostage. Philip II of Macedon was born in 382 B.C.E. This news encouraged Demosthenes to travel to Byzantium in the autumn of 341, and early in 340 the city abandoned his alliance with Philip.

Athens also gained Argos, Messene and Megalopolis as allies at about this stage.

to 323 B.C.

Philip II of Macedon (r.359-336 BC) was one of the great conquerors of Greek history, inheriting his kingdom in the aftermath of a dangerous defeat in which his predecessor was killed, and ending his reign as the dominant power in Greece, with an empire that including Thessaly and large parts of Thrace. He occupied the place, moved all of the various settlements together to form a new colony, Philippi, which he heavily fortified. Alexander was soon secure on his father's throne, and ready to carry out Philip's planned invasion of Persia.Philip II was one of the greatest rulers of the Ancient World, inheriting a kingdom that was relatively obscurity and weak at the fringes of the Greek world and turning it into the greatest power in Greece. Upon returning to Macedon, Philip was able to help his brother, Perdiccas III, rule and succeeded him as king after Perdicass died.King Philip II is credited with restoring internal peace to his country. In the north Philip was campaigning on the coast of the Black Sea, where he could threaten the starting point of the grain route to Athens.

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