Iraq's constitution gives Arabic and Kurdish official status.

Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in north-eastern Iraq, 1919–1925. This Letters in the Sorani alphabet take various forms depending on where they occur in the word.As in certain other Western Iranian languages (e.g.

The Zaza Kurds of Turkey: A Middle Eastern Minority in a Globalised Society. Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km (36 miles) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert. Also mentioned in: Postgate, J.N., Languages of Iraq, ancient and modern, [Iraq]: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2007, Philip G. Kreyenbroek, "On the Kurdish Language", a chapter in the book Ranjbar, Vahid. This is shown in the examples below with the verb "xwârdin" ("to eat"). Kurmanji), the two pharyngeal consonants /ħ/ and /ʕ/ exist in most Iraqi dialects of Sorani.

2006. From a linguistic or at least a grammatical point of view, however, Kurmanji and Sorani differ as much from each other as English and German, and it would seem appropriate to refer to them as languages.

Kurdish press are legally allowed in Iran, but there have been many reports of a policy of banning Kurdish newspapers and arresting Kurdish activists.Sorani has 9 phonemic vowels and 26 to 28 phonemic consonants (depending on whether the pharyngeal sounds /ħ/ and /ʕ/ are counted or not). Mesopotamian Arabic is spoken in two primary dialects, namely Gelet Mesopotamian Arabic and Qeltu Mesopotamian Arabic.

In the progressive past, for example, where the aspect marker "da" precedes the verb stem, the clitic attaches to "da". Iraq is the only country in which a Kurdish language has enjoyed official or semi-official rights during the last few decades. In In the Sorani writing system almost all vowels are always written as separate letters. San Francisco: Mellon Press. "However, it was the southern dialect of Kurdish, Sorani, the majority language of the Iraqi Kurds, which received sanction as an official language of Iraq. The Yezidi oral tradition in Iraqi Kurdistan.

"Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds", Hassanpour, A.

Standard Arabic is used for official purposes in the nation. The Middle East, abstracts and indexMeiselas, Susan. In Iran it is not used for education and in Turkey it has been subject of severe restrictions which have been recently relaxed. If the verb phrase has words other than the verb itself (as in the above example), it attaches to first word in the verb phrase. In Syria, the publication of Kurdish material is forbidden.

Sorani is, along with Ludwig Paul concludes that Kurdish seems to be a Northwestern Iranian language in origin,The present state of knowledge about Kurdish allows, at least roughly, drawing the approximate borders of the areas where the main ethnic core of the speakers of the contemporary Kurdish dialects was formed.

The literary output in Kurdish was mostly confined to poetry until the early 20th century, when more general literature became developed. The vowel [æ] is sometimes pronounced as [ə] (the sound found in the first syllable of the English word "above").

A noun in the absolute state occurs without any suffix, as it would occur in a vocabulary list or dictionary entry. The agent affix is a clitic that must attach to a preceding word/morpheme.

Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan. Ayatollahs, sufis and ideologues: state, religion and social movements in Iraq.

Second : The scope of the term “official la nguage” …

Kurdish is one of the two official languages of Irak (the other is Arabic).

However, the two members of the clusters are arranged in such a way that, in all cases, the Primary stress always falls on the last syllable in nouns,The standard word order in Sorani is SOV (subject–object–verb).Nouns in Sorani may appear in three general forms. farsh: "carpet"). There are no pronouns to distinguish between masculine and feminine and no verb inflection to signal gender.There are a substantial number of Sorani dictionaries available, amongst which there are many that seek to be A dialect of the Kurdish language, spoken in Iraq and IranGeographic distribution of Kurdish and other Iranian languages spoken by Kurds 1388Philip G. Kreyenbroek, "On the Kurdish Language", a chapter in the book The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview.Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index. Kermanshah: Taq-Bostan. Sorani is one of the two official languages of Iraq, along with Arabic, and is in political documents simply referred to as "Kurdish".

Similar to certain other languages of the region (e.g. Stanford: CSLI Publications. Tracing back the historical changes that Sorani has gone through is difficult.

Article 4: First: The Arabic language and the Kurdish language are the two official languages of Iraq. No predecessors of Kurdish languages are yet known from Old and Middle Iranian times. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish. Allison, Christine. In Kaya, Mehmet. The Caliphs' last heritage: a short history of the Turkish EmpireO'Shea, Maria.

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