A post-pandemic recovery will hinge on a rebound in remittances, making it critical for governments to pursue reforms. According to the International Crisis Group, government forces and armed separatists killed over 420 civilians in the regions since the crisis escalated in 2017. Since mid-2017, Anglophone separatists have attacked government institutions and threatened, kidnapped, and killed civilians perceived to side with the government.In 2016 and 2017, government security forces used excessive force against largely peaceful demonstrations organized by members of the country’s Anglophone minority who were calling for increased autonomy for their region. Cameroonian security forces patrol the perimeter of a polling station in Lysoka, near Buea, in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon, during the presidential election, October 7, 2018.

Some individuals detained in the context of the demonstrations were subjected to torture and ill-treatment.In October 2017, separatist leaders unilaterally declared independence of the North West and South West regions, and the formation of a new nation, Ambazonia. Also, Cameroon has continued to forcibly return Nigerian asylum seekers, fleeing Boko Haram attacks in northeastern Nigeria.While the government maintained it did not tolerate serious crimes committed by security forces, it failed to demonstrate progress in investigating and punishing them.On October 22, Cameroon’s Constitutional Council validated Paul Biya’s reelection, with 71.28 percent of the votes. France, the United States, and the United Kingdom are Cameroon’s principal partners, primarily in the context of the counter Boko Haram operations in the country’s Far North region. Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism: Percentile Rank in Cameroon was reported at 14.76% in 2016, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. In April, police arrested four activists and a security guard at the office of AJO, an organization that works on HIV education with men who have sex with men (MSM), and other vulnerable groups. On April 30, Father William Neba, principal of St. Bede’s College, in Ashing near Belo, North West region, was reported abducted while celebrating mass with students. Real GDP will contract by 2.9% in 2020, owing to the negative effects of the coronavirus. In a fourth case, Human Rights Watch analyzed evidence of torture filmed by perpetrators, who appear to be gendarmes. In September, unidentified gunmen attacked a girl’s school in Bafut, North West region, kidnapping five pupils and severely wounding the principal.In September, the government endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration, an international political agreement to protect education during armed conflict.On November 5, up to 78 schoolchildren were reportedly kidnapped in Bamenda, North West region, by unknown gunmen. Despite low trade dependency in East Africa, the region will feel the pinch of growing external sector imbalances Piracy close to shore will be worsened by a pandemic-induced increase in unemployment in West Africa.

The humanitarian consequences of the Boko Haram attacks and separatist insurgency are of growing concern. During demonstrations in late 2017, government forces used live ammunition, including from helicopters, against demonstrators and bystanders, killing at least a dozen people and injuring scores. Cameroonian human rights organizations documented the arrest of at least 25 other men and at least two women on homosexuality charges in the first half of 2018.


The kidnappings will not prompt an international response, given a lack diplomatic interest and complex legal issues. After more than four decades of political stability and economic growth, Cameroon today boasts one of the highest literacy rates on the African continent, as well as a modern infrastructure and one of the most diversified economies in sub-Saharan Africa. They also reported numerous cases of physical violence by private citizens targeting LGBT people.While the government has repeatedly promised to investigate crimes committed by security forces, it has not done so transparently or systematically.Government officials told Human Rights Watch in June that while they conducted investigations, they did not want to make them public to avoid undermining the morale of government troops.


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