Perhaps the troubadours’ tales appealed to Eleanor because of their contrast to her callous life of action.In an 1840 painting by Jean Baptiste Mauzaisse, young Louis VII, Eleanor’s first husband, takes the banner of St. Denis in 1147.

Catesby and The Wars of the Roses were a series of bloody civil wars for the throne of England between two competing royal families: the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both members of the age-old royal Plantagenet family. Eleanor of Aquitaine reads like a really upmarket historical novel - and that is a compliment. As she matured, she became known for her tenacity and political wisdom. Eleanor lived to see her youngest son, John, crowned king after Richard’s death, and was employed by John as an envoy to France. Their marriage was annulled in 1152. She and Henry had long been estranged, the 12-year age difference proving an obstacle in the marriage. So she has used a lot of imagination - but as the story of a truly remarkable woman, it works. She is also credited with establishing and preserving many of the courtly rituals of chivalry.Eleanor was born in what is now southern France, most likely in the year 1122. During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern First lady Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962), wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945), the U.S. president from 1933 to 1945, was a leader in her own right and involved in numerous humanitarian causes throughout her life. Eleanor of Aquitaine is represented by a fleur-de-lis, repeated on the front and back of her runner, as well as in the illuminated letter “E” at the beginning of her name. Assets of brains and enterprise served her well in the chaos of the time; unrelenting hostilities between Plantagenets and Capets, crusades and struggle between church and state. She was the daughter and heir of the imperious William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitiers, who possessed the largest domains in northwest Europe, indeed larger than those held by the king of France.

When her sons staged a rebellion in 1173 Eleanor gave them support in the form of troops and money. Records show that in 1202 King John was again in his mother’s debt for holding Poitou against Arthur. Eleanor of Aquitaine played a major role in the 12th century, an impressive achievement given that medieval women were considered nothing more than chattel.
Following the battle, she retired to the monastery at Fontevrault in Anjou, where she died in 1204.In the years immediately following her death, historians judged Eleanor harshly, spotlighting only her youthful indiscretions and ignoring the political wisdom and tenacity that marked the years of her maturity. Schama notes, “It was rumored that Geoffrey of Anjou had personally verified Eleanor’s appetite for passion before recommending her to his son.” Be this as it may, 30-year-old Eleanor and 18-year-old Henry felt passionately attracted to one another. Her birthplace is generally thought to have been Poitiers, in today’s west-central France. She actively prepared for Richard’s In 1199 Richard died without leaving an heir to the throne, and John was crowned king. Throughout her childbearing years, Eleanor participated in the administration of the realm, particularly in the management of her own domains, Aquitaine and Poitou.Accounts of Eleanor’s activities at court in Poitiers reveal a softer side to this aggressive woman. An avid horsewoman, she led an active life until she inherited her father’s title and extensive lands upon his death when she was 15, becoming in one stroke duchess of Aquitaine and by far the most eligible single young woman in Europe. Henry II died in 1189, and Richard II, the Lionhearted, became king.Another of her sons, John, rose against Richard along with the King of France. Eleanor ruled as regent in Richard’s name while he took over for his father in leading the Third Crusade, which had barely begun when Henry II died. This court was reported to have attracted artists and poets, and to have contributed to a flowering of culture and the arts.


Eleanor of Aquitaine played a major role in the 12th century, an impressive achievement given that medieval women were considered nothing more than chattel. That same year, in order to secure King John’s continental possessions, Eleanor helped him to defend Anjou and Aquitaine against her grandson Arthur of Brittany (son of Geoffrey). The precepts of chivalry held that women were to be silent, passive goddesses to be approached with reverence. The extent of Eleanor’s role in Henry’s rule is largely unknown, although it seems unlikely that a woman of her reputed energy and education would have been wholly without influence. If you see something that doesn't look right, Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.The policies of William the Conqueror, king of England from 1066 until his death in 1087, may be largely responsible for eventually making Britain the most powerful nation in Europe.The wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt changed the role of the first lady through her active participation in American politics.Louis XIII was king of France from 1610 to 1643. Stretching from the Pyrenees in the south to the Cheviots in the north, their empire was indeed vast. The original hangs at Versailles.Chivalry notwithstanding, circumstances anchored her in reality. She was instrumental in turning the court of The revolt of her sons against her husband in 1173 put her cultural activities to a brutal end.


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