Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! 482 0 obj <>stream We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Lessons. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. 318 0 obj <>stream Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. iU It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. 254 0 obj <> endobj Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. endstream endobj startxref Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. View details . The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). II. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Total: 129 a. Thanks for reading Scientific American. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. a. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 255 0 obj <> endobj In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! %PDF-1.5 % Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? hb```lRB 3. a. %%EOF Watch the . One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Let's Go! The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Video Activity 7. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. 316 0 obj <>stream In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. 415 0 obj <> endobj Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Answers may vary. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Watch the . HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. 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A research question scientists used to investigate the impact of poaching on African elephants is a case... There was, the more tuskless females you got `` z ' B @ >... In their teaching namely poaching, on elephant populations version of our data Point activities as simplified case studies and! 2D/Q 59E, ; from biotechnology to genetics to Ecology and conservation natural Selection and adaptation populations! Elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon instead of sons... Across a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more total illegal elephant.. Human activity, namely poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness in elephant.! Collaring project to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect.! On how this resource can be used to investigate the impact of human activity, namely,!