They are regarded as honest. Some communities such as the Maasai still maintain their traditional way of dressing. I. At this juncture the essay will dwell on the description in family structures in Africa society and how it has affected economic development. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1983. Religion: Africans now get identified with new groupings e.g. It gives the couple time to study the character of the partner and find out if he or she is the best. Similar systems of kinship terminology can be found, for example, among the Ndebele of Zimbabwe, the Zulu of South Africa, the Ngoni and Tumbuka of Eastern Zambia. Edited by G.A. 6. - They would stay overnight and the following day they would go to bathe in the river with cold water. - The naming of the child takes place some days after birth. They act as intermediaries between God and human beings. In some communities if a woman is barren, she would bring another woman to bring children on her behalf. in the garden or when one is building a new house. Urbanization: Those who move away from home to towns in search of Jobs are drawn from their ancestral homes. Today the dead can be buried in cemeteries in towns. Yet in some communities when a woman is pregnant she is not allowed to talk to her husband directly. Box 169 Department of Sociology Second Edition, London: Cambridge University Press, 1984, Ch. N.S.S.F. Maintaining ties of kinship is the way to the security of the Muslim nation. This review finds that parental care remains the best care setting and should be highly encouraged within African society. 7. - The practices vary from one community to another. - People do not have a lot of attachment to land, as there are other means of survival. 3. Others bury the dead with property with a belief that they would continue to use them in the next world. factors. Some of the major issues raised will include polygamy, tribe, clan, the extended family, bride price and the raising of children. 6. They affect all aspects of Africa, including care, marriages, and social status, since kinship controls people's relationships, moral values, and attitudes. 6 It separates one from the loved ones. ii. iv. - Kinship helps to care for the less fortunate members of the society e.g. For example, in debt and marriage obligations. iv. 5. White, C.M.N., Tradition and Change in Luvale Marriage, The Rhodes-Livingstone Papers, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1962, 1969. They were believed to have a lot of experience in life. Phone: (540) 828-5351 2. It symbolizes the union between the living and the dead. - Patriotism. 18. a) State five changes that have taken place in property ownership today. Midwife could assist the mother in actual delivery to ensure the safety of the baby. These constitute the core of the Bemba traditional African family around which the social organization of the traditional society revolves. Although children among the Baganda are brought up in an unroutinized and casual way with a few rites of passage to adulthood, they seem to go through three distinct stages during their up bringing. 5. These relationships which are described in this way are rituals of respect between a son-in-law and his mother-in-law, a daughter-in-law and her father-in-law. Lobola is widely used among the Bantu peoples of Central and Southern Africa.39, Avoidance, segregated relationships, lack of love and tenderness in traditional African marriages and the family has been a common theme among European scholars. 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Most of these ceremonies are religious. to find out if they are related. Children among the matrilineal peoples are brought up in a similar traditional extended family village social environment. 5 It comes unannounced. This difficulty in generalization bone of diversity was already apparent to many early scholars of the African traditional family like Mair(1) and Goode(2). ii. - Alcoholism. When one dies, he joins the world of the living dead. Third, certain distinguishing personal names. c) Explain the factors weakening kinship ties among Africa communities. 7 Stuart Queen, Robert W. Habenstein, and John B. Adams, The Polygynous Baganda Family, in The Family in Various Cultures, (New York: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1961) Ch. There are also cases of inter-tribal marriages. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969) p.33 Lucy P. Mair, African Marriage and Social Change, in Survey of African Marriage and Family Life, Edited by Arthur Phillips, (London: Oxford University Press, 1953). GAZETTE: How have ancestors . Kinship relationships also determine social obligations and responsibilities, such as who has the right to inherit property or who is responsible for caring for children a person born during locusts invasion can be called Adede among the luo. Responsibility of elders: - They help in the settlement of disputes. Economic hardships that has been due to introduction of money economy. Some are circumcised when they are still infants. - When a woman learns that she is pregnant, she becomes very happy and she becomes a special person in the community and receives special treatment. The lineage is the effective kinship unit among the Bemba around which marriage and the organization of family life. revolves.31 The matrilineal household and descent determine or influence two major social activities. Due to de-forestation, some herbs are becoming extinct. INITIATION - This is the second major important stage in ones life. Divorce and separation are discouraged. It is the kinship ties which determine a person's rights, responsibilities and behaviour. - Religious organizations assist widows to start income generating projects. vi. Ch. Almost 30% of all single-parent families headed by women are officially poor. People that belong to the same kinship system are referred to as kin. v. Taking oaths falsely. And this, together with neolocality, makes it nearly impossible to use kinship in structuring our social order. In some instances a go between would be used to identify a suitable partner. 5. 6. iv. Girls take care of the babies and fetch firewood. The kinship systems govern care,. Boys will live with the brothers of their father and until marriage, girls live in the home of a married elder brother or with the brother of the father. - Playing football - Wresting - Beer drinking - Wedding ceremonies - Riddles - Folktales - Tongue twisters Today several changes have affected leisure activities. Mothers and children would die at childbirth to cases where there is no skilled mid-wife. 3. Traditional kinship structures remain important in many First Nations communities today. RITES OF PASSAGE These are important stages in life that one has to undergo. Yet others could also die due to old age. Changing attitudes towards marriage 1. largest kinship network of any descent system ever invented. After burial, close relatives shave their hair as a sign that one of the members has been separated from and for cleansing impurities. The histories and cultures of Egypt, Nubia, Ethiopia and North Africa are covered . Each community has a distinct political and social organization. Spirit of sharing: In African Traditional Community there is the spirit of sharing of resources among the members of a community e.g. Many wives 3. They also do the work of advisors e.g. vii. 5. These three types of kinship are: Consanguineal: This kinship is based on bloodor birth: the relationship between parents and children as well as siblings, says the Sociology Group. The Plan of Action also asserts that "for the full and harmonious development of their personality, children should grow up in a famil environmenty in a,n atmosphere of happiness lov, ane d understanding". Prayers also connect the living and the dead. Thesis. Primary kinship refers to direct relations. Natural Factors: ADVERTISEMENTS: Natural forces and factors play an important role in unifying or disintegrating the society. There were clear guidelines, rules and regulations on the use and ownership of land. 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